{"id":10126,"date":"2024-02-02T11:10:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T10:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/?p=10126"},"modified":"2025-08-19T16:17:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T14:17:59","slug":"evidence-decision-zpo-machine-expert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/en\/evidence-decision-zpo-machine-expert\/","title":{"rendered":"The judicial decision on evidence according to the ZPO in legal disputes in mechanical engineering"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10126\" class=\"elementor elementor-10126 elementor-9965\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0e53d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0e53d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e32a49\" data-id=\"4e32a49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86a7f4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86a7f4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is this article about?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0153ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0153ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Legal disputes in mechanical engineering are characterized by complex technical and legal challenges, in overcoming which the court&#8217;s \u201cevidence decision ZPO\u201d in accordance with the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) plays a crucial role. Adhering to a stringent procedure and understanding the legal aspects of an evidentiary order are of paramount importance for everyone involved in a mechanical engineering litigation.  <\/p><p>In this article I devote myself in detail to the court decision on evidence in legal disputes in mechanical engineering, highlighting specific cases with the special challenges of \u201ctechnical-law-technical\u201d translations. The goal is to give readers a better understanding of the importance and precise process for making evidentiary decisions in mechanical engineering. Examples are presented.<\/p><p>In this article, get started on a multi-faceted and challenging technical-legal topic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91c2af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b91c2af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f502310\" data-id=\"f502310\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec14594 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ec14594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Legal basis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03c233c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03c233c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A few explanations are necessary to get started with the topic.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4a8682 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4a8682\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Machine expert: The forensic court expert<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2730677 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2730677\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In common usage, the term \u201cexpert\u201d refers to a person who has an in-depth understanding of a particular matter compared to others. The expert is prepared to provide objective and expert information on the specific matter.<\/p><p>In the judicial context, however, the definition of a forensic expert is clear and relatively easy to grasp. The specific content aspects of expert work are not discussed here, but it generally refers to the appointment by the court on the basis of an evidentiary decision as an expert (\u201cmachine expert\u201d) for the court.<\/p><p>The judicial expert works for courts and public prosecutors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b03d547 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b03d547\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The most important procedural regulations<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5981b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5981b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are different procedural rules in Germany, each of which applies to different areas of law and types of procedures. The most important procedural regulations are:<\/p><ul><li>Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO),<\/li><li>Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO),<\/li><li>Administrative Court Code (VwGO),<\/li><li>Labor Court Act (ArbGG),<\/li><li>Social Court Act (SGG),<\/li><li>Financial Court Regulations (FGO),<\/li><li>FamFG (Law on Procedure in Family Matters and in Matters of Voluntary Jurisdiction).<\/li><\/ul><p>In mechanical engineering it is<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c854e4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c854e4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-db51c5\" data-id=\"db51c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-503f5729\" data-id=\"503f5729\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5e0bec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5e0bec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) is almost exclusively relevant<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7217f052\" data-id=\"7217f052\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65417d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65417d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>in legal disputes with a court expert or machine expert and a corresponding order of evidence in accordance with the ZPO.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9cdbd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9cdbd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a4da8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a4da8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-im-internet.de\/zpo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code of Civil Procedure<\/a> (ZPO) regulates the legal procedure in Germany for civil proceedings in court. It serves as the basis for conducting civil proceedings, i.e. legal disputes between private individuals, companies or other non-governmental institutions. The ZPO sets out the procedural rules and procedures that must be followed by the courts in order to ensure fair and equitable decision-making.<\/p><p>The Code of Civil Procedure contains provisions on various aspects of civil procedure, including the jurisdiction of courts, the filing of an action, the taking of evidence, the judgment procedure and compulsory enforcement. The aim is to create an orderly and legally secure framework for the enforcement of civil law claims.<\/p><p>It is an essential legal instrument that forms the basis for civil justice in Germany.<\/p><p>The Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) also regulates, among other things, the provisions on<\/p><ul><li>the expert evidence as well<\/li><li>the <a data-wpil=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/en\/blog-court-expert-mechanical-engineering\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"16\">judicial<\/a> independent evidence procedure.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf15e4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf15e4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The burden of proof according to the ZPO<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d4dd9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d4dd9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to the Code of Civil Procedure, the burden of proof generally lies with the party asserting its claims for a specific legal reason. This means that the party who claims something must also provide evidence of it in order to be able to enforce their claims in court.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c80fadd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c80fadd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-2_Filmpresswalze_800x450.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9978\" alt=\"9-2 Evidence Decision ZPO\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-2_Filmpresswalze_800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-2_Filmpresswalze_800x450-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-2_Filmpresswalze_800x450-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Image 1: Damage to a film press roller.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6689525 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6689525\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The principle is basically:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a9e13a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a9e13a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-653ff66\" data-id=\"653ff66\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20eeb1d\" data-id=\"20eeb1d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d161572 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d161572\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u201cAnyone who claims must prove.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-14fc1dc\" data-id=\"14fc1dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bea68b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bea68b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Taking evidence<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69f08a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69f08a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are various ways to provide evidence in court. The following sub-points are common, among others.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db1f6b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db1f6b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Witness evidence<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04201a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"04201a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Witness evidence, also known as witness testimony, is a form of evidence in legal proceedings in which people give evidence in court about facts that they themselves have perceived. Although witness evidence is an important part of the legal process, it presents certain risks and challenges:<\/p><ul><li>Unreliability of witnesses: Witnesses may be mistaken or their perception may be distorted. Factors such as stress, anxiety, memory problems, or bias can affect the reliability of testimony.<\/li><li>Lack of objectivity: Witnesses can be subjective and allow their statements to be influenced by personal beliefs or feelings. This can lead to a distortion of the facts and make it difficult for the court to make an objective assessment.<\/li><li>Memory problems: Witnesses may have difficulty remembering details or recounting exact times and events. This can lead to vagueness and inaccuracies in the statements.<\/li><\/ul><p>In principle, evidence provided by witnesses is always associated with a very high risk, which increases as the time between the event and the witness interview increases.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95bc455 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95bc455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Judicial inspection<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6726b48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6726b48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>During a judicial inspection, the court or judge personally goes to the scene of the incident to get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe local conditions. This form of taking evidence allows the court to gather immediate impressions that go beyond what written or oral reports can convey.<\/p><p>Typically, judicial inspection is used in connection with matters where a direct view of the location or situation is important. This may occur, for example, in real estate disputes, accident reconstruction, or other cases where visual on-site information is necessary.<\/p><p>In over 20 years of working as a court expert, I have only had one case in which the judge was present at the on-site hearing. In this respect, I can report that the \u201ccourt inspection\u201d is very unusual in mechanical engineering and for mechanical appraisers<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-07a6c30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"07a6c30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-77afe45\" data-id=\"77afe45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ee8ec73\" data-id=\"ee8ec73\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b568d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b568d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>almost never happens.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c122ac0\" data-id=\"c122ac0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59b48bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59b48bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Expert evidence from machine experts as court experts<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed243f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ed243f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In certain cases, expert evidence appears as an alternative to court inspection. The expert examines the relevant facts on site and documents his observations in a report for the court. The expert&#8217;s expert assessment usually leads to more precise results compared to the often less expert observation of the judge.<\/p><p>As science and technology develop, knowledge has become increasingly complex, specialized and sometimes more uncertain over the years. Many judges therefore no longer feel able to have the necessary specialist knowledge for almost all questions and try to avoid appeal proceedings. As a result, expert evidence is becoming increasingly important in reaching a verdict in court proceedings.<\/p><p>The challenge of expert evidence lies in the specific problem areas of the various areas of knowledge, which ultimately form the basis for the legal dispute to be clarified.<\/p><p>However, the evidentiary value of the expert can be impaired if there are linguistic deficits in the communication between the court and the expert before and during the preparation of the report. This occasionally leads to<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a57ae5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a57ae5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7716a2c\" data-id=\"7716a2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-27eed6b\" data-id=\"27eed6b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fbcd3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fbcd3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>incorrect or unclear questions in the evidence decision for the machine expert.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1f5a01\" data-id=\"a1f5a01\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a1fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21a1fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In addition, the machine appraiser is often not aware of which legal aspects are actually important in order to advance legal clarification. It is therefore crucial that communication between the court and the expert is precise and clear to ensure an effective and correct assessment of the technical issues in dispute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5314d5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5314d5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relationship between court and expert<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a68123e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a68123e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>However, the judicial expert does not have any contractual relationship with the court that commissioned him to take evidence. Rather, he is fulfilling a duty to the state. The court acts solely on the basis of procedural rules.<\/p><p>The relationship between the court and the court expert is therefore a legal relationship under public law, the basis and content of which derives exclusively from the respective procedural law.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8937873 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8937873\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d59e11d\" data-id=\"d59e11d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-05a73eb\" data-id=\"05a73eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5ee264 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5ee264\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The court expert is strictly bound to the court order.  <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c393b3\" data-id=\"6c393b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c9d992 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c9d992\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This follows from procedural law. Since the court develops and shapes the procedure in application of procedural law as the master of the procedure, the court expert is not entitled to deviate from the court&#8217;s mandate on his own initiative.<\/p><p>Any deviation from the evidentiary decision carries with it the risk of<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d325b53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d325b53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bfc296\" data-id=\"1bfc296\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f4f97c\" data-id=\"2f4f97c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcacaf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcacaf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Concern of bias<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9df2449\" data-id=\"9df2449\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a18f9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a18f9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>to be rejected. This is usually justified because the party to the legal dispute, to whose disadvantage the findings or assessments that go beyond the evidentiary decision have an effect, is one-sidedly disadvantaged by the expert.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33b63d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33b63d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Helper of the Court<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae0642f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae0642f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A court expert is an assistant to the court. The scope of his duties is defined in the evidence decision.<\/p><p>Both the court and the mechanical expert as an expert commissioned by the court through an \u201c <em>evidence order in mechanical engineering<\/em> \u201d are each completely independent.<\/p><p>Court experts are characterized in particular by the obligation to be impartial, which they demonstrate through the oath formula for experts according to Section 410 ZPO and Section 79 StPO<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e883cc1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e883cc1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-65e683c\" data-id=\"65e683c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b9f3b4\" data-id=\"2b9f3b4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d8aa44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d8aa44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The report is or was provided \u201cimpartially\u201d,<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d9ce7b\" data-id=\"9d9ce7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-962c724 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"962c724\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>have expressed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ebc490 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ebc490\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Provision principle<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9256a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9256a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The civil process is governed by the principle of party rule. According to this principle of provision, it is incumbent<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a352c45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a352c45\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c78e760\" data-id=\"c78e760\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-718c022\" data-id=\"718c022\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a134222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a134222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>the parties to present and substantiate their claims and statements of fact to the court by presenting evidence (documents, certificates, witness statements, expert reports, etc.).  <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-43a51f2\" data-id=\"43a51f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-992896b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"992896b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The court therefore does not have to actively search for evidence on its own initiative. The parties must provide the necessary documents and information themselves.<\/p><p>Evidence of facts is only taken if the opponent disputes the statement of facts. Undisputed facts apply in accordance with Section 138 Para. 3 ZPO as granted.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d64899a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d64899a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ca6f70\" data-id=\"4ca6f70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-52e1bf9\" data-id=\"52e1bf9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbeecb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbeecb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The truth is then assumed by the court.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f7d932\" data-id=\"1f7d932\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86f4827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86f4827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The court can, at its own discretion, order expert evidence, i.e. a court report, ex officio.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c00312 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2c00312\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-6_Anlage_800x450.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9992\" alt=\"Evidence decision ZPO\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-6_Anlage_800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-6_Anlage_800x450-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-6_Anlage_800x450-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Image 2: Technical system with the linking of machines.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c0f122 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c0f122\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Courts do this in order to gain the expertise to assess the facts and to better understand the connections in the subject matter of the dispute through expert support.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0a3c77f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0a3c77f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7e2183\" data-id=\"e7e2183\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e635cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e635cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evidence decision ZPO in mechanical engineering<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a03b679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a03b679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The ZPO evidence decision defines the tasks for the machine expert on behalf of the court.<\/p><p>The expert may appear in court without prior consultation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9e59b4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9e59b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-348b76c\" data-id=\"348b76c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4e8163\" data-id=\"d4e8163\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f57f6a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f57f6a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>never deviate from an evidentiary decision.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2769d8\" data-id=\"e2769d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7da3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb7da3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After the machine expert has completed the court report with reference to the ZPO evidentiary decision, the judge or court is <u>not<\/u> bound to the report.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f12e513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f12e513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classic mistakes in the \u201cevidence decision in mechanical engineering\u201d<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-889b94d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"889b94d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Of course, in reality there are always major and minor problems in the cooperation between the machine expert commissioned by a court, the court or the responsible judge and the parties.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f05d0d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f05d0d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The distribution of roles between the court and the court expert<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeee5f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aeee5f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This situation is that the judge, i.e. the court, has sole decision-making authority. Although the expert has the necessary expertise for the questions to be clarified in the evidentiary decision, he has no decision-making authority at all.<\/p><p>Things become difficult when the expert misunderstands the evidence decision because of \u201c <em>interesting wording<\/em> .\u201d<\/p><p>It is just as problematic for the procedure if the court or the parties formulate their own questions in the evidence decision, which, due to the natural lack of technical knowledge among the responsible lawyers, do not get to the core of the matter that needs to be legally clarified.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aa3856 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7aa3856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formulation of the questions of the ZPO evidentiary decision<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fafa410 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fafa410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The questions to be clarified, which are formulated in the ZPO evidentiary decision in a legal dispute, often arise directly from the parties&#8217; written submissions. In some cases, the questions are \u201ctranslated\u201d into the evidence order by the court or are rephrased in their own words.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f87dc5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f87dc5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7107f47\" data-id=\"7107f47\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e4befc\" data-id=\"1e4befc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc73e54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc73e54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>This is where the greatest danger lies for the parties involved.  <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bebc44d\" data-id=\"bebc44d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2de2207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2de2207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If the technical questions to be clarified in a \u201c <em>mechanical engineering evidence decision<\/em> \u201d are formulated in a technically incorrect manner, the following problems are inevitable:<\/p><ol><li>Ambiguities when preparing the report: If the technical questions contained in the evidentiary decision are imprecise or ambiguous, this can lead to ambiguities when preparing the report. The expert may have difficulty understanding the exact scope of the required investigation as intended by the court.<\/li><li>Lack of relevance to the legal issue: Incorrect technical questions could result in the expert examining technical aspects that are not relevant to the actual legal issue. This can result in wasted time and money without actually obtaining decision-relevant information.<\/li><li>Difficulty clarifying the issue: If the technical issues in the evidentiary order are not technically precise enough, this may result in the expert not being able to clarify the essential technical elements of the case. This could affect the court&#8217;s ability to make a clear decision on the technical aspects of the dispute.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0a681a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f0a681a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Costs for a court report<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adfda20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adfda20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is always interesting when a court file is received with a \u201c <em>decision to take evidence in mechanical engineering<\/em> \u201d and the court has obtained an <a href=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/en\/expert-opinion-court-costs\/\">advance payment of costs<\/a> of \u20ac2,000.00 gross or even less. I can say in general that it is completely impossible to provide a court opinion in this subject area for this amount. This should actually be clear to the courts. Courts deal with gross amounts. This means that for the self-employed entrepreneur, who is of course also a machine appraiser on behalf of the court, around \u20ac1,680.00 net remains due to sales tax.<\/p><p>With a court hourly rate for machines or mechanical engineering of \u20ac130.00 net according to JVEG, this means that an expert report should be completed after 13 hours with a gross cost advance of \u20ac2,000.00.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1a896a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1a896a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-523b944\" data-id=\"523b944\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9abab6f\" data-id=\"9abab6f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72ca137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72ca137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>This is completely utopian when it comes to real problems in mechanical engineering.  <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c8beb2\" data-id=\"7c8beb2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-252ba59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"252ba59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Why is that?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b755a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8b755a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-3_Verschleiss_800x450.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9998\" alt=\"9-3Evidence decision mechanical engineering\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-3_Verschleiss_800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-3_Verschleiss_800x450-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-3_Verschleiss_800x450-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Image 3: Clear wear and tear in the legal dispute.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-588eb99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"588eb99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The file must be read to understand what the subject of the dispute is. Studying the files usually also provides additional technical information. It will then also be clarified whether further additional information needs to be requested from the parties in order to process the report. As a rule, the files for an \u201c <em>evidence decision in mechanical engineering<\/em> \u201d are thick. Furthermore, no direct contact may be made with the parties. The result is that court orders always require more administrative time than any party order for machine experts.<\/p><p>After all, there is almost always an on-site appointment for fact-finding purposes. This means travel time, hotel costs, travel expenses.<\/p><p>The on-site court appointment always means at least a full working day. Then there are the preparations for the on-site appointment. The findings of the on-site visit in relation to the evidentiary decision must be documented. The questions in the evidentiary decision must be answered. In almost all cases, the report is then bound and sent to the court in the desired number. After this very brief explanation, every layperson will realize that a <a href=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/en\/costs-for-court-reports-in-engineering\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"86\">court report in real cases in mechanical engineering<\/a> must cost at least \u20ac5,000.00 gross.<\/p><p>It should be particularly clear if you look at Figure 2 as an example. After all, complex systems and machines in manufacturing companies are predominantly the subject of court reports.<\/p><p>It is obvious that questions arising from an order of evidence under the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) cannot easily be answered precisely by simply looking at it on a court order.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6af8a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6af8a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Double translations \"Technology-Law, Law-Technology\"<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5c5b04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5c5b04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A major problem in disputes in mechanical engineering is the necessary translations. Technicians, engineers, managing directors, experts, court experts and lawyers speak the same language.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e49e47 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e49e47\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8edd2c4\" data-id=\"8edd2c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c398b20\" data-id=\"c398b20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-113c2cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"113c2cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>However, it does not mean that we understand each other technically because of the different areas of expertise.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d25899\" data-id=\"1d25899\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a88c91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a88c91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In reality, companies with technical and legal problems turn to lawyers very quickly. As has been emphasized so often, lawyers are experts in the law. The deeper the legal dispute goes into the technical details, the less likely they are to understand the technical problem. This is completely normal. However, it is necessary that lawyers understand it at least as \u201cwell\u201d as possible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-495e00b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"495e00b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4_Gewaltbruch_800x450.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10024\" alt=\"9-4 ZPO machine expert evidence decision\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4_Gewaltbruch_800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4_Gewaltbruch_800x450-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4_Gewaltbruch_800x450-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Image 4: Clear break of violence.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c41a8c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c41a8c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The lawyer of a party in a legal dispute or in independent evidence proceedings has a major influence on the evidence decision (ZPO). This means that questions are usually formulated according to the understanding of your own party lawyer. The court expert then has to understand this \u201ccorrectly\u201d. The machine appraiser on behalf of the court then writes the court report. An experienced and good court expert should formulate his <a href=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/en\/court-expert-opinion\/\">court report<\/a> in such understandable language that even technical laypeople, i.e. party lawyers and judges, can understand it.<\/p><p>So it&#8217;s a back and forth of formulations. Technical facts that are important can get lost.<\/p><p>Wording can also arise that can no longer be proven by the court expert in court proceedings. This is problematic because it is always a disadvantage for the party responsible for providing evidence and, in cases of doubt, costs the parties or one party money without producing a meaningful result.<\/p><p>That&#8217;s why I recommend<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c58cb54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c58cb54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5975604\" data-id=\"5975604\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-26ee057\" data-id=\"26ee057\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-148e5ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"148e5ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>to involve a technical and, above all, forensically experienced expert on the party side at an early stage in order to formulate the questions for the evidence decision on the party side in a technically precise manner and without a technical boomerang.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f99f63\" data-id=\"2f99f63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa05292 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aa05292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recommendations from a technical perspective<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e85462f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e85462f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Overall, it is crucial that technical questions are carefully worded in the evidentiary decision to ensure that they are precise, relevant and understandable. This helps to ensure efficient and appropriate clarification of the technical aspects in a legal dispute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0585f60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0585f60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">General recommendations for court experts<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a606e73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a606e73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Of course, it is advisable to inform the court as a judicial expert if you have difficulties understanding the evidence decision. In almost all cases the court will try to resolve this.<\/p><p>In addition, as a court expert, it is possible to tell the court how you \u201cunderstand\u201d the question as a machine expert. The court will then very likely ask the parties whether the machine expert&#8217;s interpretation of the evidence decision is correct and meets the (technical) core of the question.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c20e5b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c20e5b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7cfa09c\" data-id=\"7cfa09c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9388e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c9388e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evidence decision in mechanical engineering: examples<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b62ce5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b62ce5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are numerous examples I could present. I have only selected four that exemplify the problem of wording in the order of evidence in court proceedings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d98a5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d98a5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">example 1<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdf46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10fdf46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When I received this question about Figure 1 in an order of evidence in the report, I seriously asked myself whether the court was joking with me.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc385fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cc385fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4-2_BW-300x175.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-10008\" alt=\"Order for evidence from the Maschinenkanzlei\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4-2_BW-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4-2_BW-768x448.jpg 768w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4-2_BW.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Example 1 of an evidentiary decision.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91639ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91639ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>How on earth is a forensic expert supposed to answer this question if he doesn&#8217;t have clairvoyant abilities?<\/p><p>3 years after delivery, no one can determine which grease was in the grease container when it was delivered if it is refilled every 30 minutes.<\/p><p>In this case, I called the judge and informed them that I cannot provide this report and that there is no one who can answer this issue in the litigation. The judge was pleased. He asked me to briefly summarize the reasons for this in a letter. The reason for the joy was simple: the proof could no longer be provided. The court could therefore decide. Such situations have a bad outcome for the party responsible for providing evidence. I asked myself the question:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-232b09a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"232b09a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2aa089d\" data-id=\"2aa089d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-39d1fa6\" data-id=\"39d1fa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0e6994 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0e6994\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>How can you, as a party with a burden of proof, bring a lawsuit with such an evidentiary decision?<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c3e8d2\" data-id=\"1c3e8d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f9bad3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f9bad3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Example 2<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d891d30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d891d30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 2 shows an excerpt from a very long \u201c <em>Evidence Decision in Mechanical Engineering<\/em> \u201d.<\/p><p>As can be seen, a single question often contains multiple sub-questions. This wording of the evidentiary order also partly contains hypotheses of the party responsible for the relevant question of the evidentiary order.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b418626 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b418626\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4-1_BW.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10006\" alt=\"Machine expert evidence decision ZPO\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4-1_BW.jpg 800w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4-1_BW-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-4-1_BW-768x407.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 2: Extract from the evidence decision for example 2 according to Figure 5.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd34128 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd34128\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You can easily see in Figure 5 that the chain links were torn off. Otherwise, a repaired and completely modified machine was demonstrated at the site visit. The replaced and damaged components were stored separately. Under such circumstances it is not possible to precisely determine the technical cause.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-319bee7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"319bee7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-5_Kettenglieder_800x450-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10015\" alt=\"Violence Machine Law Firm\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-5_Kettenglieder_800x450-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-5_Kettenglieder_800x450-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/9-5_Kettenglieder_800x450-1-768x433.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 3: Vibration damage caused by an imbalance.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05f3562 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05f3562\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is technically obvious that the failure of the chain clearly occurred because there was a significant increase in load in the cracked cross-section of the chain. You can also see in Figure 5 that the formerly round cross section now has an oval shape.<\/p><p>This occurs when the load is increased and the loaded cross-section can no longer withstand the stresses (\u201cstresses\u201d). In the context of the visible oval, the only technical explanation regarding the machine under discussion in this dispute is that it became entangled with an obstacle and continued to advance anyway.<\/p><p>However, the excerpt from the ZPO evidence decision according to Figure 2 contains, for example, the hypothesis that \u201c <em>heavy feed material<\/em> \u201d was responsible for the failure of the cross-section. However, the phrase \u201c <em>heavy feed material<\/em> \u201d is technically vague.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a2feadd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a2feadd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b624e7\" data-id=\"9b624e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef3cfba\" data-id=\"ef3cfba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b4604f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b4604f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Why is such a question included in an evidentiary decision if the machine has been significantly modified?<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c00191\" data-id=\"6c00191\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcf3c08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bcf3c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A machine expert in the role of a court expert can only make plausible findings of fact if the situation that is to be technically assessed exists and is legally disputed between the parties.<\/p><p>There will always be unresolved legal questions left if the disputed object is presented in a changed condition at the on-site court hearing. I always ask myself the question,<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b274a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b274a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-df0d329\" data-id=\"df0d329\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4757e42\" data-id=\"4757e42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-371cbf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"371cbf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Why do parties pursue a lawsuit or an independent evidentiary procedure under such conditions?<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3d1f3a\" data-id=\"a3d1f3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6de710e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6de710e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As <a href=\"https:\/\/tes-online.org\/frank-flammer-tes-sachverstaendige\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a party expert,<\/a> I always recommend that my clients have a substantiated <a href=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/en\/evidence-preservation-report-machines\/\">evidence preservation report<\/a> drawn up in such cases. With the evidence preservation report, it is possible to file a lawsuit in court straight away. In a legal dispute, a technically plausible <a href=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/en\/preservation-of-evidence-machine-damage\/\">evidence preservation report<\/a> is always good \u201cinstructions\u201d for the later court expert commissioned by the court.<\/p><p>It is completely clear that operators of machines cannot wait until the ZPO evidentiary decision exists, an expert visits on behalf of the court, carries out an on-site visit and only then begins the repair.<\/p><p>However, if a lawsuit is filed or an independent evidentiary procedure is sought and the evidence is largely destroyed, this makes no sense to me as a machine appraiser. In such a case, there is a very high risk that the party required to provide evidence will no longer be able to provide evidence.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72122c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72122c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Example 3 for judicial evidence in the case of machine vibrations<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-144380e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"144380e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-243c749\" data-id=\"243c749\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7166d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7166d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 3 shows the evidentiary decision for a <a href=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/en\/machine-vibrations-in-court-proceedings\/\">vibration<\/a> case in court.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d71258 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4d71258\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/8-5-1_BW-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9773\" alt=\"Order of evidence Court Machine Law Firm\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/8-5-1_BW-1.jpg 796w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/8-5-1_BW-1-300x97.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/8-5-1_BW-1-768x248.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 3: 3. Example of an evidentiary decision (machine vibrations).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4629445 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4629445\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the example shown in Figure 4, the professional expert in the field of machine vibration immediately faces technical questions:<\/p><ol><li>What are \u201c<i>noticeable vibrations<\/i>\u201d?<\/li><li>How were these machine vibrations determined?<\/li><li>Where were these vibrations detected or where should the vibrations be detected in the legal proceedings?<\/li><\/ol><p>In addition, such an evidential decision raises the question of how a court expert is supposed to determine what any employees may have said in the meantime. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c03ef1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c03ef1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b79b63\" data-id=\"8b79b63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a14ac62\" data-id=\"a14ac62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ac8ce2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ac8ce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Examining witnesses is the task of the responsible court.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1230431\" data-id=\"1230431\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e46f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e46f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Court experts are not allowed to examine witnesses. Rather, they are experts in their specific field and the court&#8217;s helpers in this field.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3afa0aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3afa0aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Example 4<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f72ee3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f72ee3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The example in Figure 4 shows that the discharge screws are no longer installed in the system being assessed at the time of the legal proceedings.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31ae055 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"31ae055\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"145\" src=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/8-5-2_BW.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9783\" alt=\"8-5-2 Evidence Decision Machine Vibrations\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/8-5-2_BW.jpg 800w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/8-5-2_BW-300x54.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maschinenkanzlei.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/8-5-2_BW-768x139.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figure 4: 4. Example of a ZPO evidence decision.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de81a6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de81a6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A judge has no chance of recognizing that something like this can no longer be checked in the case of vibrations in machines.<\/p><p>When it comes to such evidentiary decisions, it is always unclear to me why parties enter into a legal dispute under such technical conditions. There must be competent technical experts on the party&#8217;s side who should give the party lawyers appropriate technical advice. The crucial question for the forensic expert in a case according to Figure 4 is:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-08a4591 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08a4591\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f0d80e8\" data-id=\"f0d80e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2afc2ba\" data-id=\"2afc2ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6e3743 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6e3743\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>How should this question be answered? It&#8217;s not working.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-329093b\" data-id=\"329093b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f5136e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f5136e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4971238\" data-id=\"4971238\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb74320 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb74320\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recommendations on the \u201cevidence decision in mechanical engineering\u201d for the parties<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b9fa8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b9fa8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since the process is determined by the principle of party rule, in my view it is particularly important to formulate your own questions about the evidentiary decision in mechanical engineering problems in a very targeted and precise manner.<\/p>\n<p>The aim must always be for the machine expert commissioned by the court (\u201ccourt expert\u201d) to be able, if possible, to answer questions in a way that is helpful for their own party.<\/p>\n<p>This is exactly where the problem begins in reality:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-872d932 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"872d932\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2af7b74\" data-id=\"2af7b74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-16c5957\" data-id=\"16c5957\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54513ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54513ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Many questions in technical evidence decisions are technically imprecise.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-25c1f6c\" data-id=\"25c1f6c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b630fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b630fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If determinations are no longer possible, it is always to the detriment of the party responsible for providing evidence.<\/p><p>In view of this, I generally recommend that you prepare the ZPO before initiating a lawsuit and formulating questions in the evidence decision<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-76d55fb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76d55fb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7e0f3a\" data-id=\"b7e0f3a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d08349\" data-id=\"8d08349\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae98e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ae98e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>external technical expertise from an experienced court expert<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-48d0217\" data-id=\"48d0217\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdaf00f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdaf00f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>to catch up.<\/p><p>This is not a mistrust of lawyers. There are excellent lawyers with whom I have already worked. However, as a party you must never forget:<\/p><p>Lawyers are needed for legal disputes at the regional court and higher. However, the lawyers are experts in law and not in the specific technical subject matter in mechanical engineering that is at stake.<\/p><p>A lawsuit or an independent evidentiary procedure with relevant technical questions that need to be clarified should only be filed once the technology as the subject of the dispute in mechanical engineering has been clarified internally by the party.<\/p><p>This increases the likelihood that  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e32e5f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e32e5f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-78afc37\" data-id=\"78afc37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-96637a1\" data-id=\"96637a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e344de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e344de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>the own party&#8217;s point of view is also confirmed in the proceedings by a court expert.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a7eebd1\" data-id=\"a7eebd1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7629bf6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7629bf6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22863f8\" data-id=\"22863f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40435c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40435c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion and final thoughts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa9ec79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa9ec79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Commercial companies that operate or produce in the areas of mechanical engineering, plant engineering and machinery potentially face legal disputes. In such cases, the Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO) is almost always relevant, especially when it comes to legal disputes or independent evidence proceedings in court.<\/p><p>According to the ZPO, the burden of proof lies with the party asserting certain claims. In legal disputes, an \u201cexpert report\u201d is often offered as evidence. In such situations, the responsible court issues an order for evidence in accordance with the ZPO and commissions a machine expert as a court expert who is strictly bound to the court order.<\/p><p>The technical-legal challenge is that technical questions are often formulated in a technically incorrect manner in a \u201c <em>decision of evidence in mechanical engineering<\/em> \u201d. This results from \u201c <em>translation problems<\/em> \u201d between the disciplines of engineering and law. Although the same official language, namely German, is used in German courts, such \u201ctranslation problems\u201d can affect the substantive answers to the questions in the evidentiary order.<\/p><p>It also happens that the actual technical issue fades more and more into the background in the course of a legal dispute and legal discussions \u201csuddenly and unexpectedly\u201d come to the fore. In my experience, this does not help commercial companies in dispute because they want to have the technical problem clarified as the basis for the legal dispute.<\/p><p>Therefore, it is advisable that companies facing legal disputes<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4fdaa9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4fdaa9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a24b7\" data-id=\"b1a24b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c359f1\" data-id=\"9c359f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-278c041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"278c041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Call in an experienced machine appraiser as a technical expert at an early stage.  <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ce9804\" data-id=\"9ce9804\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4789a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4789a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This allows meaningful technical questions to be formulated, which can then be integrated into the court&#8217;s ZPO evidentiary decision. This approach reduces the risk of one&#8217;s own questions turning against one&#8217;s own party, minimizes questions that are pointless and therefore generally reduces procedural costs.<\/p><p>It is crucial that companies in legal disputes from the technical areas mentioned<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-9589957 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9589957\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9449bf\" data-id=\"d9449bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e25124\" data-id=\"6e25124\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cd6897 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cd6897\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Call in external experts and lawyers for advisory support.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-211f888\" data-id=\"211f888\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7743d8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7743d8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This enables a professional design of the evidence decision according to the ZPO with sensible technical questions, which makes the work of the court expert easier and makes the risk of legal costs more calculable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evidence decisions in mechanical engineering are often formulated in a technically imprecise 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